The path of each human life is unique, it has a richness, is even exemplary in that it shows how one person is situated in the context of a given period of history. Writing a book about a man means trying to assess what his main activities were, and to understand what he left behind him in his field of work. The decision to choose Adam Politzer was in itself a way of paying homage to this Viennese physician. No one today contests that he was, and still is, one of the key figures in the development of otology, the branch of medicine which deals with the ear. He is often considered one of the most eminent otologists of all time and the founder of modern otology.
목차
FOREWORD BY ROBERTK. JACKLER
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Research and Documentation
Approach and Summary
Preliminary Remarks
CHAPTER TWO
Historical Context, Origins and Early Life
Political Situation
The Politzer Family's Origins
Adam Politzer's Family
Childhood
CHAPTER THREE
Medical Studies
Medical Training at Vienna University in the Mid-nineteenth Century
Choice of Teachers
Carl von Rokitansky
Josef Skoda
Johan von Oppolzer
Joseph Hyrtl
Ferdinand von Hebra
Ferdinand Arlt
Publications while a Student
Examinations: The Rigorosen
CHAPTER FOUR
The Research Years
Medical Research in the Mid-nineteenth Century
Research Training
Research on Physiology
Training in the Physiology of the Ear
Training with Carl Ludwig
Training with Heinrich Müller
Training with Claude Bernard
Training with Rudolf König
Training with Hermann von Helmholtz
Work on Physiology
The Politzer Method or "Politzerization"
Research on the Anatomo-pathology of the Ear
Training in Pathological Anatomy
Training with Albert von Kölliker
Training with Anton von Tröltsch
Training with Joseph Toynbee
Work on Pathological Anatomy
Treatise on the Anatomy and Histology of the Ear
Summary of Politzer's Research Years
CHAPTER FIVE
Politzer the Clinician
The Mid-nineteenth Century Clinician at the Vienna General Hospital
Creation of the Otology Clinic
Clinical Examination of the Ear
Otoscopy
Examination of the Middle Ear
Acoumetry
The Importance of Clinical Examination
Classification and Clinical Description of Diseases
Treating Diseases of the Ear
Artificial Tympanic Membrane
Artificial Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane (Myringotomy) and Ventilation Tube
Catheterism of the Eustachian Tube
Hearing Aids
Mastoidectomy
Stapes Surgery
Treatise on the Diseases of the Ear
Otology Atlas
Politzer the Clinician - Final Comments
CHAPTER SIX
Teacher and Promoter of his Specialty
Teaching at Vienna University around 1860
University Teachers
Academic Career
Jews and the Vienna Faculty of Medicine
Politzer's Teaching Methods
Politzer's Main Pupils
Recognition by Pupils and Visitors
Otology Emerges as a Specialist Subject
Medical and Technical Reasons
Social Reasons
Public Reasons
Creation of the First Journal of Otology
International Otological Congresses
The Austrian Otological Society
Promoting Specialization
Teacher and Promoter - Summary
CHAPTER SEVEN
Historian
Late Nineteenth Century Ideas about History, Methods
The History of Medicine
History of Otology
The Large Libraries in Vienna
The Imperial Library (Hofbibliothek)
Library of the Josephinum
University Library
Library of the Society of Physicians in Vienna
Politzer's Library
Reasons for Writing the History of Specialties
Politzer's History of Otology
Sources
Structure of Politzer's History of Otology
Volume I, 1907
Volume II, 1913
Illustrations
Reactions from Contemporaries
Other Historical Texts
Obituaries
Biographies
The Nineteenth Century Historian
CHAPTER EIGHT
Artist and Art Lover
Art in Intellectual Circles at the End of the Nineteenth Century170Anatomical Art
Importance of Engraving
Artist
Otoscopy Atlas
Anatomical Illustrations
Oil Paintings of Diseases of the Tympanic Membrane
Pathological and Anatomical Preparations of the Ear
Art Lover
Creation of the Jewish Museum in Vienna
Auction of Politzer's Collection of Lithographs
Politzer the "objet d'art"
Politzer and Art
CHAPTER 9
Private Life
Financial Situation
Home Life
Middle-class Rituals
Secrets
CHAPTER 10
Family, Descendants and Commemorations
Alice Politzer
Max Friedländer
Franz Röhn Friedländer
Reinhold Friedländer
Commemorations
The Politzer Society
Art not Medicine
CHAPTER 11
Final Comments
Physician
Historian
Artist
Personality
What Remains?
ANNEXES
I. Politzer's Bibliography
II. Chronology
III. Politzer's Clinic by Paul Raugé
IV. Politzer's Letter to Paul Raugé
V. On the Need for Compulsory Teaching of Otology in Medical Faculties
VI. Adam Politzer's Speech during his Retirement
VII. Biographies of the Main Otologists referred to in this Book
NOTES SHOWN IN THIS BOOK
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY CONCERNING POLITZER
ACCOUNTS OF POLITZER'S PRESENTATIONS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
INDEX OF NAMES
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